Tuesday, May 9, 2017

Cinema of South Korea


Cinema of South Korea


Korea is said to have been founded by Dangun Wanggeom, who “descended from heaven.” He founded the first Korean kingdom, Gojoseon in 2333 B.C. From there, three kingdoms split off, Koguryo, Paekche, and Shilla. Shilla unified the three kingdoms in 668 AD and ever since the country has been controlled by one unified government. With the emergence of one central government came a cultural and ethnic identity that has last to this day. Korea was the target of many imperialist nations such as the Mongols, Japan, Russia, and China. In 1910, Japan took colonial rule of Korea and suppressed its people, and with that brought an end to the Korean Choson Dynasty as well as “Traditional Korea” (AsianInfo.org). In 1945 Korea was liberated from Japanese rule but the country was divided in half. The Northern side adopted a Communist government The Republic of Korea was the southern side and adopted a democratic government. This became the South Korea we know today.

Capital: Seoul

Area: 38,690 square miles

Population (in 2017): 51,446,201

Religion(s): 56.9% Unaffiliated with any religion

                   19.7% Protestant

                   15.5% Korean Buddhist 

                   7.9% Catholic      

Ethnic Group(s): Hangul

Languages: Korean

Unemployment: 3.7% in March of 2017

Poverty and wealth: 15% live below the poverty line.

GDP: $35,277

Economy: South Korea’s economy is mixed and it is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The economy was hit hard in 1997 during the Asian Financial Crisis. The South Korean won (currency) fell and the country fell into a crisis for years. But it bounced back and now is one of the top economies in Asia. The country mainly relies on exports of technology, steel, textiles, and cars to fuel its economy today.

Industries: Electronics, cars, steel, textiles, shipbuilding, tourism.

A key social impact on the country was the invasion and colonization by Japan in 1910 to 1945. The Korean people were oppressed by the Japanese. In World War II, Korean men were sent to fight while women were made sex slaves (“comfort women”) for Japanese soldiers. The Korean language was banned from use, with Japanese being the main language. After liberation, the effects have still been felt. There is heavy anti-Japanese sentiment throughout the country, and war crimes have yet to be answered for by the Japanese. Koreans feel reparations are owed to them for what the Japanese did.

South Korea is at risk of typhoons and accompanying floods mainly. On average, South Korea experiences one typhoon every year.

 
South Korean cinema started in full in 1945 post-liberation from Japan. Liberation itself was a prominent theme of Korean cinema at this time, with films that focused on Korean freedom fighters during the end of Japanese occupation. The Golden Age of Korean cinema was from the mid-1950’s to the mid-1970’s. Many films were produced in these years, as opposed to just a few being produced as was the case in 1945 to the early 1950’s. This was because the South Korean president made filmmaking exempt from taxation in an effort to increase morale. However, in 1961, the government stepped in again but this time to censor and control the production of films. The number of films released in a year went from in the 70’s to about 16 per year. In 1979, with the assassination of the South Korean president, the government hold on cinema was relaxed and directors were free to explore political themes again. Today the South Korean market is dominated by Hollywood pictures, but has domestic films too. Korean films do well in international festivals, especially Oldboy which is one of South Korea’s most famous films.

 

The Housemaid (Hanyeo) (1960) Director: Kim Ki-young.

 


This is a thriller/horror film that focuses on a family and their erratic housemaid. A young composer and his pregnant wife hire a housemaid to help around the home. She begins showing strange behavior and eventually seduces the composer. Everything culminates in the housemaid killing the couple’s children, and the couple committing suicide. However, there is one final twist to the film in which it turns out the composer was the narrator of the entire story and nothing has actually happened to him.

 A Tale of Two Sisters (2003) Director: Kim Jee-woon

Best Picture winner at Fantasporto Film Festival in Portugal, 2004.



A young girl (Im Soo-jung) is sent home from a mental hospital back to her father, stepmother, and younger sister. The sisters are very close and dislike their stepmother, who is cold and emotionally distant. Strange things begin to happen at the house involving ghosts and it all seems to be tied to their stepmother. The film has a shocking twist ending that has made it famous. This was the first South Korean film to be released in the United States theatrically. It won several Best Actress awards at several film festivals for actresses Im Soo-jung and Yum Jung-ah. It also won several Best Film awards at several film festivals like Screamfest Horror Film Festival, Fantasia Festival, and the Gérardmer Film Festival.

 
Oldboy (2003) Director: Park Chan-wook

Grand Prix winner at the Cannes Film Festival, 2004



A man, Dae-su (Choi Min-sik), is imprisoned for fifteen years without knowing why or who his captors are. When he is suddenly released with no warning, he goes on a quest for vengeance and gets mixed up in a conspiracy of violence. He also falls in love with a young woman who may have a secret of her own. The film is one of the most famous South Korean films and had a huge impact internationally. It received high praise and won several awards from various film festivals, including best director and best film.

 
Directors

Park Chan-wook



One of the most acclaimed and famous South Korean directors, Park’s films have broken the international barrier many times. He has worked on two American films as well, Stoker (2013) which he directed, and Snowpiercer (2013) which he produced. His famous Vengeance trilogy contains Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance, Oldboy, and Lady Vengeance He also uses many of the same actors in his films, such as Choi Min-sik, Song Kang-ho, and Shin Ha-kyung.

Bong Joon-ho



Nicknamed “Detail” in Korean, Bong’s films are filled with heavy subject matter and black humor. He reached critical fame in his home country with his film Memories of Murder (2003), which was a rousing success. He made international success with his film The Host (2006), a monster movie with biting social commentary. This film brought a new international interest in South Korean cinema and in Bong’s work in particular. In 2013, Bong directed the English-language film Snowpiercer.

 Kim Jee-woon



With a filmography that spans genres, Kim has become one of South Korea’s most eclectic filmmakers. He works a lot in horror, action, and comedy, with films like I Saw the Devil (2010), and The Good, The Bad, and The Weird (2008). Kim has also crossed over into international fame and directed the American action film The Last Stand (2013) which starred Arnold Schwarzenegger.

 
Actors

Choi Min-sik



Born in Seoul in 1962, Choi is a Korean actor with almost 30 acting credits to his name. He is considered one of South Korea’s most acclaimed and talented actors, and is probably the most famous. His role in Oldboy made him internationally recognized.

 

Song Kang-ho



Starting out as a stage actor, Song became a famous star in South Korea by scene-stealing in several movies in which he played bit parts. It wasn’t until the early 2000’s that he broke out as a major leading star in The Foul King (2000). He has gone on to star in movies like The Host, Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance , and Memories of Murder. He broke the international barrier by taking a supporting role in the American film Snowpiercer for which he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the Asia-Pacific Film Festival.

Jun Ji-hyun



Originally a T.V. actress, and pop icon for her role in a Samsung commercial, Jun rose to stardom in her breakout role as “The Girl” in My Sassy Girl (2001), the highest grossing comedy in Korea. She also starred in The Uninvited (2003), The Man Who Was Superman (2008), the American film Snow Flower and the Secret Fan (2011), and The Berlin File (2013).

 

 

 

Citation

Ahn, M. (2006). "Representing the Anxious Middle Class: Camera Movement, Sound, and Color in The Housemaid and Woman of Fire". The House of Kim Ki-young.  

http://www.asianinfo.org/asianinfo/korea/pro-history.htm

Ebert, R. (2005) Oldboy. http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/oldboy-2005

Kim, K. (2013) “The Housemaid: Crossing Borders” The Current. https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2993-the-housemaid-crossing-borders

Gamm, K. (2004) Teaching World Cinema. London, England: British Film Institute.

Thomas, K. (2004) A stylish and creepy Korean “Tale” LA Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2004/dec/17/entertainment/et-Tale17?pg=1

Sousounis, P., Louie, M., Kafali, C., Butke, J. (2010) Managing Typhoon Risk in South Korea. AIR Currents. https://www.air-worldwide.com/Publications/AIR-Currents/2010/Managing-Typhoon-Risk-in-South-Korea/

 CHECKLIST FOR PLAGIARISM
1) ( x ) I have not handed in this assignment for any other class.

2) ( x ) If I reused any information from other papers I have written for other classes, I clearly explain that in the paper.

3) ( x ) If I used any passages word for word, I put quotations around those words, or used indentation and citation within the text.

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7) ( x ) I did not so over-use direct quotations that the paper lacks interpretation or originality.

8) ( x ) I checked yes on steps 1-7 and therefore have been fully transparent about the research and ideas used in my paper.

Name: Melissa Faitoute  Date: 5/9/2017

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